The Difference Between Civil Infractions, Misdemeanors, and Felonies in Washington State

Not all violations of the law are treated the same. In Washington State, legal offenses are generally categorized as civil infractions, misdemeanors, or felonies. Each category carries different legal consequences, potential penalties, and impacts on your criminal record. Understanding the distinctions can help you know your rights, the seriousness of a charge, and the importance of seeking legal advice.

Civil Infractions

Civil infractions are non-criminal violations, often related to traffic or local ordinance rules. Common examples include speeding, running a stop sign, or failing to signal. A civil infraction does not result in jail time and does not create a criminal record. Instead, penalties are typically limited to fines and, in some cases, consequences like increased insurance premiums or points on your driving record. While these may seem minor, failing to address a civil infraction can lead to additional penalties, such as a license suspension.

Misdemeanors

Misdemeanors are criminal offenses that are less serious than felonies but still carry the possibility of jail time. In Washington, misdemeanors are divided into two categories:

  • Simple Misdemeanors – Punishable by up to 90 days in jail and a maximum $1,000 fine. Examples include disorderly conduct and first-time driving with a suspended license.
  • Gross Misdemeanors – Punishable by up to 364 days in jail and a maximum $5,000 fine. Examples include DUI, domestic violence charges, and reckless driving.

A misdemeanor conviction creates a criminal record, which can affect employment, housing, and other opportunities.

Felonies

Felonies are the most serious type of criminal offense in Washington and carry penalties of more than one year in prison. Felonies are classified as:

  • Class A Felonies – The most severe, punishable by up to life in prison and a $50,000 fine (e.g., murder, first-degree rape).
  • Class B Felonies – Punishable by up to 10 years in prison and a $20,000 fine (e.g., robbery, burglary in the second degree).
  • Class C Felonies – Punishable by up to 5 years in prison and a $10,000 fine (e.g., theft in the first degree, certain drug offenses).

Felony convictions have long-term consequences, including the loss of firearm rights, voting rights (until restored), and significant impacts on employment and housing.

Why the Distinction Matters

The classification of an offense affects the legal process, potential penalties, and how the charge will appear on your record. Civil infractions may be resolved by paying a fine, while misdemeanors and felonies require a criminal court process and can result in lasting consequences. If you are facing any criminal charge, even a misdemeanor, it is important to seek legal counsel as early as possible to protect your rights and future.

Whether you are dealing with a traffic ticket, a misdemeanor charge, or a felony accusation, knowing the difference between these categories is critical. At the Law Office of Erin Bradley McAleer, we provide experienced representation in all levels of cases—from infractions to serious felony charges. Contact us today for a free consultation to discuss your case and understand your options.